School survivors can't get papers

School survivors can't get papers

The Fur Trade, Missionaries and Allies to Assimilation

First Nations and The Fur Trade

- Economic basis for New France and exploration of the West. (Canada)

- Hudson Bay and the St. Lawrence were used to import and export.

- In the spring trappers would take the furs to the posts for exchange.

- Hardware, tobacco, guns, knives, cloth, liquor and blankets were traded for furs.

- Welcoming ceremonies happened before trading took place.

- The trading visit took only a few weeks- the rest of the year First Nations peoples followed their usual activities of fishing, hunting, socializing and following their religion.

-Some took on a role with the Europeans as "go-betweens"  (traders). Others were hunters, canoe paddlers, and snowshoe makers.

- Woman "dressed" leather, collected wood, erected tents, made clothes/ shoes, wove nets, brought water, cleaned and cooked food.

-  Women also married traders and acted as interpreters and diplomats. The mixed marriage "created" the Metis. (mixed European and First Nations)

- Men had to award a "bride price" to the woman's parents (trade goods, a horse, and parent's permission.)  This furthered a friendly alliance between the First nations and the Europeans.

- Negative consequences were that European diseases were introduced some traditional ways were abandoned, and a reliance on trade with the Europeans developed.

- Positive consequences included introduction of new ways of doing things, advanced hardware, and partnership in developing the fur trade and society.

Aboriginal Peoples and Missionaries

- Jesuits (Black Robes) were the first to come over.

- First Nations tolerated missionaries; fearing rejection would lead to stopping of trade.

- Missionaries also acted as schoolteachers, Doctors, priests and "police"

- Missionaries believed that their religion was "truth" and to convert First nations, they tried to move them into villages and a farming way of life.

- In the 19th century Residential Schools were created to take children away from their parents, while the aim was to abandon traditional Aboriginal ways.

- The schools were unhealthy, featuring illness, abuse, loss of culture and personal identity.

- Schools closed in the 1980s.

- Negative effects of Missionaries on First Nations were they tried to change their way of life, and produced significant negative consequences.

From Allies to Assimilation

- British created Department of _________ _______to deal with the First Nations people.

- At times First Nations people were denied the _____.

- Proclamation Act of 1763 - "All lands west of Quebec was to remain in _______hands, permission would be needed for _____________settlement."

- The British wanted to have a secure relationship so as to count on First Nations support in times of potential conflicts with _________.

- 1820 - changes: -logger and settlers encroached on Native lands, building ________ clearing _______and chasing away ___________ from traditional hunting grounds!

- The _____________ decided a new policy would be needed. Creating Reserves.  Civilizing the First Nations peoples by providing annual gifts of _________, tools, _________, equipment and ________, and education to move away from the traditional southern ____________ grounds.

- _____________- (the process of replacing or blending a less dominant culture, with a more dominant one) was now the objective of the British.

- In the West in the 1870's, First Nations peoples were forbidden to travel off _____________unless they had a "government" pass.

- Aboriginal Canadians recognized a change in lifestyle was going to happen, and signing, "_________" with  the government would be a good idea. However, the government failed to provide seed, equipment, etc as agreed upon, and the land given, was often __________, while good land was awarded to _____ ___________.

- In 1969 Prime Minister ________ ________ ________, tried to remove the "special status" for First Nations people, by dissolving the Indian Act.  He believed it hindered, their inclusion into "__________" society.  First Nations peoples objected stating that the removal of such recognition would result in the destruction of their ________ through "assimilation."

- Recently (since 1989, with Manitoba leading the way) the concept of "Self- Government" for First Nations peoples is being realized. This allows for decisions effecting ______ ________to be administered by First Nations peoples. (Own Justice system, control over environment …fisheries, game, and "things that happen on their lands.")

In the 21st century, (2000 - current)  Self Government allowed reserves to to develop "_________" (South Beach casino,  Brokenhead reserve).  Secondly, a concept popular in Saskatchewan, where the same government provisions on a rural reserve, could be accessed in the city and is /was called an "_____ ________" ( a concept of a city block designed for use by First Nations peoples, providing employment, education, health service and housing in an urban area) Finally, awarding re-settled people in Northern lands along Power Dam construction sites in the North, could provide ______as a simple and practical way to promote prosperity among First Nations people.

First Nations Quiz # 2

1.)  What four European countries regularly visited North America in the 1500's ?

2.)  Why did they come to North America?

3.)  Name at least four things the Europeans traded to the First Nations?

4.)  Name three things tthe First Nations traded in return?

5.)  Who were allied with the French (two First Nations tribes)

6.)  Who were their "enemies?"

7.) What foods were traded from North America to the Europeans?

8.) What was the significant worst effect of contact between the Europeans and the Native North Americans?

9.)  First Nations went through three phases of contact with the Europeans.....What were they?

10.) Name  three different tribes other than those mentioned above.

First Nations Quiz # 1

1.) What's the viewpoint of how North America was occupied according to the First Nations belief?

2.) What's the dominant Scientific viewpoint of how North America was occupied?

3.) What made it possible?

4.) Why did they do it?

5.) When they got to North America how far South did they continue to migrate?

6.) What was the first crop/plant they found growing that they could cultivate/harvest?

7.) What was the Northern extent of farming?

8.) What type of dwelling did the Woodlands /lowlands people live in near the Great lakes?

9.)  What type of dwelling  did Pacific Coast First Nations live in?

10.) What type of dweeelingdid the Plains people live in?